- Degree Bachelor
- Code: PD413
- Credit hrs: 3
- Prequisites: PD312
The course is concerned with the exploration and examination of the physicochemical properties of drugs in the physiological environment and their impact on product performance in vitro and in vivo. It explores the principles of biopharmaceutics and strategies for enhancing drug delivery and bioavailability in addition to specialized knowledge essential to understand the concept of bioequivalence. Also, it introduces the students to basic pharmacokinetic parameters and mathematical aspects. General principles of pharmacokinetic models are presented as they pertain to the process of absorption, distribution and elimination of drugs in humans and the significance of these processes in drug therapy. Topics also emphasize linear and nonlinear metabolic clearance kinetics, drug-drug interaction mechanisms and kinetics, in vitro-in vivo predictions, pharmacogenetics and other sources of inter-individual variability.
Bachelor of Pharmacy - PharmD
1.1 Define different pharmacokinetic parameters including: clearance, apparent volume of distribution, elimination rate constant, and elimination half-life.
1.2 Define different steps involved in drug dissolution in gut lumen, absorption, distribution and elimination.
1.3 Recognize the various pharmacokinetic parameters that can be obtained following single and multiple intravenous and oral drug administration doses
1.4 Define and differentiate between pharmacokinetics of non-potent drugs and narrow therapeutic index drugs.
2.1 Interpret plasma concentration- time profiles following administration of drugs via different administration routes.
2.2 Gain the mathematical skills for necessary calculations of different pharmacokinetic parameters.
2.3 Interpret effect of formulation additives on in-vitro drug release profile and in-vivo performance of the drug product.
3.1 Calculate the elimination half-life, elimination rate constant, absorption rate constant, apparent volume of distribution, and total body clearance from the plasma concentrations-time curve following administration of drug using different routes of administration.
3.2 Determine the diffusion rate, dissolution rate and effect of acidity or alkalinity on drug ionization and solubility.
3.3 Estimate the oral bioavailability of drugs from plasma concentration-time profile of drugs.
4.4 Develop effective communication skills.
3.5 Analyze different factors affecting drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion from GIT.
4.1 Gain problem solving skills related to pharmacokinetic parameters estimation.
4.2 Extend information gained to understand pharmacokinetic aspects of different drug administration routes.
4.3 Work individually to present the required tasks with effective time management skills.
3.4 Applying problem solving skills and critical thinking to reach proper pharmaceutical decisions as dose initiation, maintenance and modification.
Basic Pharmacokinetics. Author: Mohsen A. Hedaya. 2nd edition (2012). Publisher: CRC Press.
| content serial | Description |
|---|---|
| 1 | Introduction to biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics. (Lecture) |
| 1 | Introduction to pharmacokinetic mathematical concepts.(Practical) |
| 2 | Basic pharmacokinetics terminology, rate and orders of processes. (Lecture) |
| 2 | Graphical representation of data. (Practical) |
| 3 | Pharmacokinetic parameters following single I.V. bolus drug administration using plasma data (Part I). (Lecture) |
| 3 | Practice problems to calculate pharmacokinetic parameters following I.V bolus administration of a single dose using plasma data (Part I). (Practical) |
| 4 | Pharmacokinetic parameters following single I.V. bolus drug administration using plasma data (Part II). (Lecture) |
| 4 | Practice problems to calculate pharmacokinetic parameters following I.V bolus administration of a single dose using plasma data (Part II). (Practical) |
| 5 | Pharmacokinetic parameters following constant rate I.V. infusion drug administration using plasma data (Part I). (Lecture) |
| 5 | Practice problems to calculate pharmacokinetic parameters following I.V infusion administration using plasma data. (Practical) |
| 6 | Pharmacokinetic parameters following constant rate I.V. infusion drug administration using plasma data (Part II).(Lecture) |
| 6 | Practice problems to calculate pharmacokinetic parameters following extravascular single dose administration using plasma data (Part I). (Practical) |
| 7 | Pharmacokinetic parameters following single oral dose using plasma data (Part I).(Lecture) |
| 7 | Practice problems to calculate pharmacokinetic parameters following extravascular single dose administration using plasma data (Part II). (Practical) |
| 8 | Pharmacokinetic parameters following single oral dose using plasma data (Part II). (Lecture) |
| 8 | Theoretical background related to dissolution rate of solids. (Practical) |
| 9 | Pharmacokinetic parameters following multiple dose using plasma data.(Lecture) |
| 9 | Practice problems to calculate dissolution rate of solids. (Practical) |
| 10 | Physiological factors affecting drug absorption: membrane physiology. (Lecture) |
| 10 | Practice problems about effect of pH on ionization and absorption. (Practical) |
| 11 | Physiological factors affecting drug absorption: mechanisms of drug transport. (Lecture) |
| 11 | Practice problems about effect of pH on solubility and precipitation.(Practical) |
| 12 | Physiological factors affecting drug absorption: GIT characteristics. (Lecture) |
| 12 | Practice problems related to partition coefficient of drugs. (Practical) |
| 13 | Physico-chemical factors affecting oral drug absorption. (Lecture) |
| 13 | Theoretical background related to drug permeability across the skin. (Practical) |
| 14 | Formulation factors affecting oral drug absorption. (Lecture) |
| 14 | Practice problems related to drug permeability kinetics across the skin. (Practical) |
| 15 | Bioavailability and Bioequivalence. (Lecture) |
| 15 | Effect of excipients on in-vitro drug release from semisolid dosage forms. (Practical) |
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